Stages of Dementia
Dementia will progress through three separate primary stages: early-stage (mild), mid-stage (moderate), and late-stage (severe) dementia. There is also a seven-stage dementia model that breaks down cognitive decline. The 7-stage model is primarily used for Alzheimer’s, the most common form of dementia, and may not be as relevant for other types of dementia that are characterized less by memory loss or severe cognitive decline. Every person with dementia has unique experiences during each stage but the disease tends to progress predictably.
The seven-stage model of dementia, also called the Global Deterioration Scale, includes:
- 1 - No issues with impairment with no memory loss
- 2 - Very mild levels of cognitive decline. The individual has a normal amount of memory loss associated with aging.
- 3 - Mild levels of cognitive decline. Family members usually notice something is wrong at this stage.
- 4 - Moderate levels of cognitive decline. At this stage, Alzheimer's can be diagnosed with decline that goes beyond normal aging. This stage is marked by short-term memory problems, difficulty with basic math, and forgetting some personal information.
- 5 - Moderately severe levels of cognitive decline. At this stage, someone with dementia begins to need help with daily activities. There will also be disorientation and significant confusion. By stage 5, many people are unable to live alone.
- 6 - Severe levels of cognitive decline. This stage is marked by trouble recognizing family members, personality changes, and even worse memory impairment.
- 7 - Very severe levels of cognitive decline. This is the final stage of dementia. Communication is very limited, if the patient can speak at all. Physical systems begin to decline and all basic tasks will require assistance.
